Rhizobium sp. is a symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria. Fixes atmospheric nitrogen in the root nodules of leguminous plants. The bacterium also produces enzymes (nitrogenase) that supply a constant source of reduced nitrogen to the host plant.
The enzyme will reduce the molecular nitrogen to ammonia which is readily utilized by the plant. Helps in growth and crop yield improvement
High-value legumes
Legumes (e.g., soybean, chickpea, lentil, pea)
Groundnut
Pulses (general)
Legumes (e.g., soybean, chickpea, lentil, pea)
High nitrogen-demand legumes (e.g., alfalfa)
Vegetable crops (e.g., beans, peas)
Acetobacter is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria having symbiotic relationship with crops like sugarcane and coffee. The bacterium colonizes crop internal tissues to promote plant growth. It promotes root proliferation and increase the number of rootlets, resulting in increased uptake of mineral, phosphate solubilization and water uptake. Promotes plant growth and used as a sustainable biofertilizer in organic agriculture.
eg. Sugarcane
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) is a biofertilizer solution containing live cultures of beneficial bacteria, such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas species, that can convert insoluble forms of phosphorus in the soil into forms that plants can absorb. Phosphorus is a key nutrient for root development, flower and fruit production, and overall plant health, but it often exists in forms that are not easily available to plants. PSB biofertilizers are commonly used in sustainable and organic farming in India to enhance phosphorus availability and improve crop yield.
KMB mobilizes the insoluble potash in the soil into easily available form to plants. Potash mobilized is immediately available to the plants and stimulates flowering and fruiting. It also Improves soil properties and sustains soil fertility. Encourages good size, quality of fruits and grains and increases sugar level. Increases the yield from 10% to 20%. It Improves the quality of produce and thus fetches good price.
Zinc is a crucial micronutrient for plants, with its deficiency being a common issue across various soils. It is present in varying amounts, typically ranging from traces to approximately 22 ppm. Given that most of this zinc is in an insoluble form, it remains unavailable to plants and limits their growth. Zinc is a micronutrient of macro importance. ZMB effectively transforms insoluble zinc into simpler, soluble forms that can be readily absorbed by plants. The presence of robust cell masses of these bacteria in the soil fosters better zinc availability, ultimately contributing to improved plant health and crop yields.
Azospirillum is known for its ability to improve seed germination and promote healthier plant growth. Notably, it works well even in challenging conditions such as high salt and alkaline soils, which is a great advantage for crops exposed to these stresses. Moreover, Azospirillum contributes to nitrogen fixation, providing essential nutrients to plants and producing growth-promoting substances. This can greatly benefit crop yields and decrease the reliance on chemical fertilizers, leading to more sustainable farming practices.
VAM play a crucial role in soil health and plant development by enhancing nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus and various micronutrients such as Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Co, and Mb. VAM assist in improving water uptake and contribute to drought tolerance, as well as resistance against soil-borne diseases. Their ability to mitigate transplantation shock is vital for reducing mortality rates in plantlets, especially in challenging conditions like high salinity and heavy metal toxicity.
